On conference talks and editorial duties

"Explain 2024 for you in one word,"  demands my social media timeline.  Conciseness is not my strongest quality.  So, I am going to sum up two years, 2023 and 2024 in two words: talks and reviews. 

(Conference) talks: In early 2023, I was invited to deliver a mini-course in a number theory workshop at NISER, Bhubaneswar.  I chose one of my favourite themes, central limit theorems in number theory, and prepared the lecture notes and slides with great enthusiasm.  Underneath the enthusiasm was a pressing need to present as much material about this topic in as short a time as possible.  "How do I present all the important theorems in this field along with all the proofs so that every minute counts for the participants?"  Further underneath, of course, was the "real" desire to present all MY results on this topic.  After the first lecture, I was taken aback when my host gently pointed out that I was going too fast. I slowed down in the second lecture, but received the same feedback. So, for the remaining lectures, I did the sensible thing of slashing down the content to less than half, and focusing on a few essential principles with applications. These lectures saw a far higher engagement from the audience. After giving up the self-imposed pressure to present everything I know about the topic, I felt relaxed. 

That evening, I walked back to the guest house with Professor Michel Waldschmidt, a distinguished number theorist who delivers excellent lectures, and is possibly one of the friendliest people on this planet. I confessed a form of impostor syndrome: an innate fear of being judged for not knowing enough if I don't present everything I want to. This was pushing me to present more than what a handful of hours could reasonably contain. I received valuable advice from him, which helped change my attitude.  

Through 2023 and 2024, I have put in some thought and practice into pitching my talks at the right level, keeping the content substantive but pleasant, and ensuring that I do not exceed my time slot in any lecture.  This requires better self-organization than I have practiced before. My most recent talk was at a number theory conference in Chennai two weeks ago. I wanted to talk about the project that I have spent the last few months working on. There was a real danger of devolving into technicalities. Without any fear of judgment, this time, I spent the first 25 minutes talking about the application of a classical technique to the most basic L-function, namely the zeta function, as the best features of the technique can be demonstrated here. I used the last 5 minutes to discuss how the idea can be adapted to the functions of my interest, namely the modular L-functions, and the technicalities that emerge in this application. (Here is the link to the talk, in case anyone is interested; it starts at 1:18:52). In a most pleasant turn of events, Professor Waldschmidt was in the audience and gave me warm and encouraging feedback for my talk this time. I reminded him of our conversation two years ago, and he was thrilled to know that his advice had been helpful.

A thought to ponder upon: many mathematicians prefer to deliver talks on the board. This requires planning and careful thought: you cannot write on a board in 30-40 minutes what you can show on slides. Can you convey your work effectively without all the equations neatly lined up on your slides for ready reference? The impact of a properly organized board talk is miraculous. In some of the best talks that I've attended, the speakers manage to make it look effortless, and it can affect the audience as deeply as a well-practiced musical composition. For the year 2025, I plan to experiment with this form, and get some practice in concision.

(Review/referee duties): The other academic duty in which I have found myself spending a considerable amount of time is writing referee reports for journal articles. I am not sure I have the most efficient system to fulfill this duty, but over the years, I have been getting better at it. This is a job we do (and others do for us) purely as an academic service. It takes a sizeable amount of time; and in Mathematics, you simply have to sit down and verify all the steps and details, which can take longer than planned. A large part of our duties as postgraduate advisors is similar: we proofread articles and theses written by our own students or mentees and check all details before they submit their work. 

Sometimes, people outside our immediate academic circles send us their work with a request for feedback; this often reminds me of early faculty days when I started writing to some senior mathematicians for feedback on preprints. Some had never had any prior interaction with me. Almost always, they wrote back and shared extremely helpful inputs. There were also occasions when anonymous referees gave thorough inputs for my submissions, much beyond the "call of duty", so to speak. These inputs and comments not only improved the quality of the article, but also helped shape new ideas for future research. 

How do people manage their own thriving research programmes and also take time out to write in detail to people seeking feedback, I wondered. While a desire to help is perhaps at the root of their response, they must have very good personal work habits (and sturdy systems) to be able to do this effectively. Does this develop with practice and experience? Do we develop good systems in response to a strong sense of purpose to serve the academic community, or does one develop a strong sense of purpose by performing such duties, beginning perhaps in small measure, and increasing our capacity with time?

A brilliant example that comes to mind outside of mathematics is that of the celebrated scholar, Mr. Bibek Debroy, who translated several unabridged Sanskrit texts into English, such as the critical edition of the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and several Puranas ('unabridged' being the key word here, given the size of these texts). In addition to being a prolific writer and translator, he actively read and reviewed books by others in need of feedback. In early November, after his demise, several younger authors paid rich tributes to him; they wrote how he would carve time out of his extremely busy schedule (his duties included being the chairperson of the PM's Economic Advisory Council) to read their work, provide feedback before submission, and also write reviews post publication. Read here a touching tribute by one such author, Abhinav Agarwal, who describes the deep impact of Mr. Debroy's interactions, reviews and feedback on his writing career. 

The end of a year is a good time to reflect on things that touched us or taught us something valuable. I have been thinking of scholars such as Bibek Debroy, as well as many others in the mathematical domain, who generously devote their time and energy to encouraging and guiding younger people through reviews and feedback. I am reminded here of something that Professor Aravinda, mathematician and chief editor of the Bhavana Magazine wrote to me when I joined the Bhavana team as a corresponding editor. 

While introducing me to the new role, he wrote: "If only we are sensitive to true people's truer sentiments, we can deliver an honest academic service to the world, stamped by the most authentic of documents, and inspire the future -- most importantly, enriching our own lives in the process." I often turn to these words whenever I have a selfish urge to give up editorial/referee-related work because it is "not counted for promotion".

One day at a time, one step at a time

An experience that most functioning adults face is that of building up a routine with great effort, only to have it come crashing down in the face of an unexpected adversity.  Sometime in the summer of 2024, I found myself in such a situation. A health crisis in my family meant that I had to stay away from IISER for about six weeks.  My family dealt with the crisis wisely by putting together all the support systems and structures.  We all did what was necessary, and somehow managed to keep our work lives going (even if remotely). In my case, that meant regularly corresponding with my students and colleagues, and taking care of other urgent administrative work (such as preparing budgets for conference grants, following up with our grants office, submitting course outlines etc).  But, I soon realized that I was unable to focus on anything that required "deep work": I could not concentrate on my ongoing research projects, and my usual writing routine could not withstand the shock of the situation. One of my collaborative projects was gaining speed at this time, and while I joined all the meetings, it was actually the collaborators who were pulling all the weight during this phase while I started blankly at the screen. 

After the family situation was better, I returned to campus.  Nevertheless, there was a thick fog in the mind, possibly due to the stress of the situation and several weeks of irregular sleep. I was finding it hard to recover despite being back on home ground. Soon, there was another month-long phase of travel, and the writing routine seemed at its lowest ebb.

The redemption came in September in the form of an eight-day-long vacation in Kashmir that I had planned long before the family crisis had erupted. I was to stay for the whole duration in a quiet hill station called Yousmarg, known for its beautiful meadows. While planning the vacation (or more appropriately, the stay-cation), I had hoped to be in a completely relaxed state of mind after a summer of conferences and paper submissions, and to possibly start something afresh. But, it was not to be: the version of me that reached Yousmarg was terribly anxious at falling behind in all her research projects, and was struggling with low attention span. This could not continue.

So, I made a plan: I decided to focus on just one project and devote a few hours every morning to it. I also planned to work on the project for the rest of the day, but the latter part could be more flexible, combined by walking around Yousmarg, reading [1], or taking a nap, based on my mood and energy levels. The strategy was to start small and do a little bit every day.  In fact, I started with proof-reading some parts that had already been written by my collaborators, and promised not to judge myself even if it took me all day to understand some steps of a proof.  The important thing was to make some progress everyday, and regain my attention span in small increments.

It worked! 

The lack of internet at the hotel worked like elixir for someone looking to regain their attention span. I waded through all the project-related material (downloaded before the travel), line by line, step by step. Since I could not type on Overleaf or connect to my collaborators, I made notes and zeroed down on a couple of points that looked troublesome. The walks around the hotel became more pleasant while I thought these points over [2]. 

By the end of my trip, I found myself up-to-speed with all that had happened in the project during the summer, except for a couple of points. This may well have been the first ``vacation" in which I got to relax, while also working without anxiety. Soon after returning to Pune, I resumed my teaching duties (the post-midsem part of a second year course on probability to a large class) and regular meetings with students. At this time, I spoke to a friend who had recently overcome a similar challenge. She had survived a much more difficult situation, and was able to walk me through the different stages of regaining focus. "When the fog lifts, you will know; until then, one has to keep doing whatever we can."

While the ``fog" had still not lifted completely, the sunlight had started to filter in. My energy levels and attention span were both coming back, and the stability of not having to travel for the next three months motivated me to double down on the project. On the morning of the Mahalaya, I made a to-do list of literature search and writing needed to take care of some sections of the paper. The aim, everyday, was to not leave the study table until the task for that day had been completed. By the morning of Vijaya Dashmi, I had completed multiple sections, and had also corrected the points which were troubling me in Yousmarg. 

For those who know what I am talking about, these points had to do with some subtleties in the relationship between the symmetric-power L-functions for Hecke newforms and the Rankin-Selberg L-functions; with the corrections in place, all the subsequent sections had to be modified.  Our project is to find explicit constants in the zero-free regions for modular L-functions, and every estimate has to be noted and incorporated carefully and precisely into the "master" equations.  Soon after Diwali, our team of collaborators resumed our weekly meetings (we are working between three countries and four time zones).  In complete contrast to the summer, I was now eagerly engaged in the meetings, and would enthusiastically look forward to them through the day.  This is when I knew that the fog had lifted completely. We started working on each section, and over the last month, have cleaned up the manuscript and written out the proof of our main theorem. We are now in the final stages of the article, and the month of December will be spent in proof-reading and finalizing the draft. The feeling of showing up well-prepared for every meeting and absorbing all the insights from collaborators to improve one's understanding of the project is priceless. I enjoy working on this project every morning, and it is such a relief to have overcome the writing inertia of the summer months.

The writing routine is back, but with a realization that adversities and shocks can strike unexpectedly. Regaining one's focus requires kindness to oneself and some flexibility in work habits. It requires us to control where we spend our time and energy, but without slipping into victim mode (as my friend wisely pointed out). Above all, it is about taking one step at a time, one day at a time, consistently. If something looks intimidating (as it naturally will, if we are recovering from a situation which took us away from something we were doing regularly), break down the task into small steps, and focus on one step at a time without negative self-talk. Replace "Why I am I so stupid?" with "What exactly is the problem in this step?" Replace "Why am I so slow?" by "What progress have I made since yesterday? What can I do next?" If the next step seems to invite procrastination, break it down into even smaller steps. 

In time, we build things back (we really do, however "low" we start), and at the same time, become non-judgmental observers of our own growth and progress. For those of us who have to write regularly, the progress becomes visible in the form of all the new sections that were typed up. It can be quite revealing to compare the current version of something with what it was a month ago. While you were taking one little step every day (and possibly wondering if this was enough), your draft was growing bigger and more wholesome, the extent of which can be noted a month later.

Starting tomorrow, I will be busy with preparations for a major conference from 09-13 December at IISER Pune.  The rest of the month will be spent in conference travel and time with my family. Will I be able to guard my morning writing routine through all of this? And if there is a crack, can I bounce back to normalcy by taking one step at a time? We will leave these questions for a future blog post.

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[1] I specifically chose the letters and poems of Emily Dickinson because the Sangarmal hotel at Yousmarg, where I stayed, reminded me of her homestead. But, I may have chosen the wrong collection of letters. This particular collection contained many letters in which she is exhorting her friends, in moving language, to reply to her letters and not ignore her. These letters made me very angry with her friends, and may have drained my mental energies a little. 

[2] The walking, however, had other consequences. People in Yousmarg are extremely friendly; the thought of a (female) tourist walking all alone on a cold day is unbearable to them and they will take you to their homes and serve tea. The personal connections made through such interaction are invaluable, and sometimes, one just has to postpone the Math to the privacy of the hotel room and garden :-)